Today we find that those who wish to attack software freedom now wish to do so by attacking truth. "The big lie" is a classic form of propoganda. Pioneered by Goebbels, the idea is simple enough: by telling a lie, no matter how outrageous, and repeating it loudly and persistently, people will begin to believe it is the truth. Today, adding to the big lie that the very basic human freedom to share and exchange knowledge, expressed, by among other means, through software freedom, somehow devalues the marketplace when in fact it expands it, we now have a new lie, that Linux was not started by Linus.
In the end I have always believed in the force and strength of the marketplace and capitalism. Unencumbered markets actually do prefer freedom, because freedom enables the most efficient means to produce products and enables the most fair and efficient price between a seller and buyer, in part by enabling the greatest number of potential suppliers into a market with the fewest barriers to entry.
Similarly, it happens that our software, free software, not only offers greater freedom to our users, but also often offers superior products and services as well. This is in part because we can continue to incrementally improve and share in each other's work. While free software improves incrementally just as science does, in the proprietary software world, each product offered by a different entity must often be recreated from scratch. Given a free and unrestrained marketplace, free software will ultimately win.
While a free marketplace favors software freedom, there are some who would choose to compete not in a free marketplace, but rather by making the market less free, whether by lobbying for laws that add artificial restraints or by other means. Some, like those who fund the Alexis de Toqueville Institute, are so afraid of software freedom that they are willing to resort to the lowest forms propoganda and methods that one normally associates with thugs and war criminals.
In a way, I am glad they have chosen this method to fight software freedom. First, it shows them for exactly the kind of people that they really are. Second, I believe the "big lie" can work only when it is used in a vacuum. For this reason, in this case, it will fail. The best way to fight the big lie is not to directly address its originators but rather to fill the vacuum around it. As a community we must use our resources, not to outright challenge the messenger alone, but rather to fill the void around the message with truth. A big lie cannot overcome the truth, distributed, told by millions.
I do remember the mantra, of "at first they laugh at us," but before responding to this latest bit of low FUD with the contempt and condemnation that it wishes to attract, instead consider what happens if at first we allow ourselves to laugh at them?
David Sugar is the maintainer of GNU Bayonne.
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Proprietary vendors are fighting for their lives now. People are suddenly realizing that they no longer need the huge monolithic software vendors like Microsoft and Sun.
However, if it can be shown that Linux is successfully only because the underlying code was stolen from the much smarter, monolithic software vendors, then the whole OS development model collapses. It would show that Open Source developers really aren't as good as the proprietary companies, that Open Source software teams can't be properly organized and coordinated as well as their tightly structured counterparts at MS, Oracle and Sun, and that they are only successful because they build their systems on bits and pieces that they have spliced together from IP they have pilfered from existing products.
Presumably, if either Microsoft or Sun were to publish a paper saying that Linus had stolen from Unix to create Linux, that might be shown to be Fraud, since it would be much easier to prove that it was done in order to illegally disadvantage a competitor. However, even in that case, it would be hard to prove.
Now, if SCO were to publish this claim, in order to pump their stock, just days before their execs started dumping, then that would actually be fraud. Unfortunately, we can already see how hard it is to make that accusation stick....
Unfortunately, there's this little matter of "Freedom of Speech" here. The law makes it very difficult to prove "slander", even when the facts are fairly obviously false. For one thing, you have to show malicious intent, and real damages. I'm sure that, if you check the Groklaw site, you will find long discussion threads on what exactly constitutes "slander", and how difficult it is to prove it.
On the other hand, there are plenty of ways we can fight the lie. That is, after all, the reason we have Freedom of Speech.
Having said that, what exactly did he invent if anything? People who know me say I'm a die hard Linux fan. Whatever the question is - Linux is the answer. Did he invent the kernel? No, Unix had a similar one and I wrote a very similar one as a College OS project (ran on the PDP-11). Horde is very similar as well, as is MACH and many others. The kernel that we all use today is really not his either. It has been modified by many people over the years. All the changes I understand are all approved by him, however.
Linus is a guy who said to send me code. Unlike Gnu and I criticized them all the way back in 1985 about that. They didn't want anyone duplicating any effort. A noble cause to be sure, however their mechanism for doing that sucked big time and they never answered mail. I know, I waited 3 years for an answer and never got one, even writting to them throughout that period. Linus was different - just send it to him as long as it wasn't copyrighted stuff. You had to write it. Soon he was getting more code than you could imagine. All this before GHW Bush released the internet to the public in 1992. Yes, GHW Bush released the internet, not Clinton. It was one of the last things he did as President. And no, Algore had nothing to do with it except he slept on a comittee that heard the funding a few times. In fact he tried to kill it a couple of times if I recall correctly.
So I wouldn't say he "invented" Linux, no one person did. He had probably one of the biggest hands in making it what it is today, however there are thousands of us who wrote code that make it what it is today. Even the idea isn't his. It is the union of all of the good things that we learned in computer science from the 1960's on. Don Kneuth, Kernignham and Richie, Asreal Rosenfeld, Aho, Sethi, and on and on... Things that live in Unix because they were put into Unix from BSD (i.e. University of California owns BSD and those ideas, not the old USL and now SCO/Novell). Things like sockets, pipes, fork and vfork.
As much as I hate the idea, the notion is technically correct, Linus didn't "invent" linux by the definition of what invent means. I don't think he ever claimed that. He assembled it from code donated to him by others and his own code. He oversaw the construction and addition of all of the structures that make up the kernel and utilities. That is not to be taken lightly. He must be a superman and I don't know how he has done it over the years.
While something could be "technically correct", the effect it has on people is more important. Saying that Linus didn't invent Linux (thus implying that he stole the code), could be correct, but it's also something called "twisting the truth".
So, is Linux the "UNIX ideas and methods"? Or is it the actual kernel code? Because if it's the second, the Linus *did* invent Linux - of course, with the help of many people.
This is like saying that Mozart didn't invent his music. Of course, he took ideas from many places (hey! music has thousands of years of evolution!), so if someone tells me that this great composer didn't create his work because he took harmony, ryhtm and themes from other previous works, well, that doesn't make sense to me.
Perceptions rule the world!
Linux on the other hand would be more like if Mozart had other people helping him compose his work. Others criticizing it or putting other stanzas or riffs. After all, Linux is not what Redhat or Suse puts out, they build on it. The core that is Linux is common between them and it is made up of the work of many.
This is not to even think that Linus somehow stole it or did anything improper. He didn't. It was contributed to his work. He gives credit to those who helped him and it is no secret.
Newton didn't invent Gravity, he is said to have discovered it BTW. However the Calculus that he came up with he did invent. There was nothing like it before.
Please explain
Posted by: Scorp1us on May 19, 2004 12:54 AM#