The most natural simple answer for you is use nfs.
Here are two links that you can read to understand how to use nfs to share files :
[url]http://support.microsoft.com/kb/324089[/url]
[url]http://nfs.sourceforge.net/nfs-howto/[/url]
Once you have nfs set up, your shell script can be as trivial as :
cp -r /home/anil/shared/somefolder /mnt/nfs/windows/shared/somefolder

Doing anything more complex than that; such as checksumming or logging will only depend on your shell scripting skills.

You could use rsync instead of nfs :
[url]http://www.samba.org/rsync/[/url]
but if you want the solution that ticks all of your boxes (If your data isn't sensitive, like private information, phone numbers, etc) It's git :
[url]http://git-scm.com/[/url]
easy to learn, easy to use, can be scripted, has user interfaces, logs as much as you want, stores everything using hashes to ensure data integrity and much more.
If your data is sensitive then maybe use nfs or rsync along with strong passwords instead of git.

There are actually multiple ways to do what you want to do and little short of actually writing the script for you, I'm sure one of the afore mentioned options will suit.

Take a look at these two solutions:
- SSHD
Use an sshd server under windows (Cygwin does it fine), exchange ssh keys between two hosts and simple copy files or dirs by using scp commands

- RSYNCD
As well as sshd you can install an RSYNC server daemon, there are a lot of them (free/opensource/shareware/commercial/...). I prefer Cygwin builds in this case also.
And use RSYNC for dir sync, it works without headaches and it's very powerful

From these two solution my first bet is RSYNC, it's even portable and cross platform so you can swap your win machine with the operating system of your choice