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What Comes after Moore’s Law?

The literal meaning of Moore’s Law is that CMOS transistor densities double every 18 to 24 months. While not a statement about processor performance per se, in practice performance and density have tracked each other fairly well. Historically, additional transistors were mostly put in service of running at higher clock speeds. More recently, microprocessors have mostly gotten more cores instead.

The practical effect has been that all the transistors delivered by process shrinks, together with design enhancements, meant that we could count on devices getting some combination of faster, cheaper, smaller, or more integrated, at an almost boringly predictable rate. …

However post-Moore’s Law plays out long-term for hardware, certain other trends are coming together that offer to provide something of a roadmap for the nearer term. These include more ephemeral applications, new workloads, cloud service providers, and open source software. One suspects that we’ll also see some even more fundamental changes in the basic architectures of computer systems over time. Let’s look at four of those trends:

Read more at Enterprisers Project

Linux Guide: How To Easily Create A Bootable Live USB Using Ubuntu

I’ve been writing frequently about Ubuntu and have come across a bunch of people who’ve dipped their toes into Linux desktop waters as a result. Perhaps they referenced this guide to create a bootable Live USB on Windows, allowing them to test drive something like Ubuntu without making any changes to their PC. But let’s say you’re using Ubuntu now. What’s the procedure for doing the same thing? You could follow that guide’s same steps and download Etcher or UNetbootin, but Ubuntu makes it ridiculously simple utilizing a built-in tool… Read more at Forbes.

Linux pmap Command Tutorial for Beginners (5 Examples)

Linux command line offers a lot of tools that help you know more about processes that are currently active in your system. One such utility is pmap, which reports the process memory map. In this tutorial, we will discuss the basics of pmap using some easy to understand examples.

But before we do that, it’s worth mentioning all examples here have been tested on an Ubuntu 18.04 LTS machine.

Linux pmap command

The pmap command in Linux lets you see the memory map of one or more than one processes. Following is its syntax:

pmap [options] pid […]

And here’s how the tool’s man page explains it:

The pmap command reports the memory map of a process or processes.

Read more at HowToForge

Handling Real-Time Data Operations in the Enterprise

Getting DataOps right is crucial to your late-stage big data projects.

Companies need to understand there is a different level of operational requirements when you’re exposing a data pipeline. A data pipeline needs love and attention. For big data, this isn’t just making sure cluster processes are running. A DataOps team needs to do that and keep an eye on the data.

With big data, we’re often dealing with unstructured data or data coming from unreliable sources. This means someone needs to be in charge of validating the data in some fashion. This is where organizations get into the garbage-in-garbage-out downward cycle that leads to failures. If this dirty data proliferates and propagates to other systems, we open Pandora’s box of unintended consequences. The DataOps team needs to watch out for data issues and fix them before they get copied around.

These data quality issues bring a new level of potential problems for real-time systems.

Read more at O’Reilly

Netrunner Builds on KDE for a Unique Linux Spin

Most every Linux distribution is based on another one. Many are based on Ubuntu or Debian, some are based on Fedora, while others are based on Arch Linux. And, even when a distribution offers different types of releases (stable vs. rolling, or various available desktops), they are generally based on the same base platform.

Netrunner, however, takes a slightly different approach. If that name sounds slightly familiar, you might remember the Collectable Card Game from the 1990s that pitted two players against each other — one playing a corporation and one playing a hacker attempting to break into the corporation’s network. There is no indication that Blue Systems (the company supporting Netrunner) named the OS after the game, but it’s a great launching point for yet another Linux distribution.

So, what is Netrunner doing differently? The main trick they have up their sleeve is that the distribution is offered in three different flavors:

  • Stable

  • Rolling

  • Core

That is a fairly common offering these days. But, whereas Netrunner’s Stable and Core releases are based on Debian Testing, the Rolling release is based on Manjaro (which is itself based on Arch Linux). So, depending upon the release cycle you want, you may be using a Debian-based or Arch-based distribution. No matter the choice of base, however, Netrunner only offers one desktop—a modified version of KDE Plasma. That modified Plasma desktop might intrigue some users and might put some users off. Why? Because, at first blush, the desktop offered on Netrunner looks as much like a Mate or Cinnamon interface as it does KDE.

Let’s install Netrunner and see what makes this uniquely released distribution tick.

Installation

Once again, I’m happy to report that there is no need to discuss the installation of a Linux distribution. This has become quite a selling point for so many open source operating systems… that installation has become as easy as installing an application. Netrunner offers yet another point-and-click install that’s as easy as answering a few simple questions and clicking a few buttons. That’s all there is to it. Simple, fast, and user-friendly. This installation throws not a single trick at the user and, in roughly five to ten minutes, you’ll have the operating system up and running and ready to serve.

What’s installed

Out of the box (and after a single update), you’ll find kernel 4.14.0-3, KDE Plasma version 5.12.2, KDE Apps version 17.08.3, Frameworks version 5.42.0, and Qt version 5.9.2. Along with those pieces, you’ll find the following installed software:

  • Synaptic Package Manager for the stable release and Octopi (Pacman front-end) for the rolling release (along with KDE’s Discovery on both).

  • Audacious (music player)

  • Firefox (web browser)

  • GIMP (image editor)

  • GMusic Browser (another music player)

  • HandBrake (video converter)

  • Inkskape (vector image editor)

  • Kamoso (webcam software)

  • Kdenlive (video editor)

  • LibreOffice (office suite)

  • Pidgin Internet Messenger (chat/message client)

  • Skype (VOIP client)

  • Steam (game console)

  • Thunderbird (email client)

  • VirtualBox (Virtual Machine manager)

  • Vokoscreen (screencasting)

  • Yakuake (terminal)

  • Yarock (music player)

Clearly, Netrunning contains all the software you need to get started with Linux on the desktop (especially if you’re a fan of music). The only qualm I have with the list of included software is that GMusic Browser is way out of date. The latest stable version was released August 20, 2015. I’d much rather see the likes of Clementine included, as it is under regular development. Or, just stick with Yarock (which is much more current, with the latest release out February 11, 2018).
It should also be noted that Firefox is installed along with the uBlock Origin extension. UBlock Origin is a web blocker that doesn’t consume much in the way of system resources. It’s easy to use and automatically filters with the help of the following lists:

  • EasyList

  • Peter Lowe’s Ad server list

  • EasyPrivacy

  • Malware domains

You won’t find anything by way of development packages installed out of the box. Of course, as this is Linux, all of the tools you need for development are a quick install away.

The Changes to KDE Plasma

What Netrunner has done with KDE is, effectively, organized the various modules such that the desktop becomes much more immediately familiar with users, with few of the standard KDE bits at the fore. The best way to test these changes is by opening the System Settings tool and going to the Plasma Tweaks section. Here you’ll find every aspect of KDE that has been tweaked by the developers (Figure 1).

Figure 1: The Netrunner default setup, according to the Plasma Tweaks tool.

Select a different theme under Look And Feel, make sure to select Use Desktop Layout from theme, and click Apply. For example, select the Breeze theme and you’ll see how different the default Plasma desktop is from what Netrunner has done (Figure 2).

Figure 2: The Netrunner-tweaked Plasma desktop menu is on the left and the default Plasma desktop menu is on the right.

The changes made to the KDE Plasma do not detract from how efficient and user-friendly it is, they only enhance it. However, for those that prefer the default KDE Plasma desktop, it’s just a couple of clicks away. But if the likes of Mate or Cinnamon are up your alley, you’ll love what the developers have done with KDE. Either way, the desktop runs incredibly smoothly and performs like a champ (even when running as a VirtualBox virtual machine).

Take your pick

Whether you prefer a stable, bleeding edge, or minimal distribution, Netrunner has you covered. If you prefer the simplicity of Debian or the flexibility of Arch Linux, Netrunner still has you covered. No matter your pick, this flavor of Linux is a desktop that is sure to please most Linux users, regardless of experience or preference.

To download Netrunner, visit the distribution’s download page and select from the Debian-based, the Arch-based, or the core. You’ll only find 64-bit versions of each (as well as an Arm-based version), so make sure you have the proper hardware before starting the download.

Learn more about Linux through the free “Introduction to Linux” course from The Linux Foundation and edX.

 

An Introduction to Swap Space on Linux Systems

Swap space is a common aspect of computing today, regardless of operating system. Linux uses swap space to increase the amount of virtual memory available to a host. It can use one or more dedicated swap partitions or a swap file on a regular filesystem or logical volume.

There are two basic types of memory in a typical computer. The first type, random access memory (RAM), is used to store data and programs while they are being actively used by the computer. Programs and data cannot be used by the computer unless they are stored in RAM. RAM is volatile memory; that is, the data stored in RAM is lost if the computer is turned off.

Swap space is the second type of memory in modern Linux systems. The primary function of swap space is to substitute disk space for RAM memory when real RAM fills up and more space is needed.

Read more at OpenSource.com

Open Source Summit & ELC + OpenIoT Summit Europe Features 13 Co-Located Events

Make the most of your time at Open Source Summit/ELC + OpenIoT Summit Europe!

Over a dozen events taking place alongside Open Source Summit and ELC+OpenIoT Summit Europe offer attendees even more ways to increase skills and connections – all in one trip. 300 conference sessions, 2000 attendees, 13 co-located events and dozens of event experiences; if you’re not registered yet, now is the time.

REGISTER NOW »

Sign up to receive updates on Open Source Summit Europe:

Co-Located Events:

Embedded Apprentice Linux Engineer Track – Mon., Oct. 22 & Tues., Oct. 23*

Are you an Embedded Engineer who is transitioning to using Linux? Embedded Apprentice Linux Engineer is a series of 8 seminars over 2 days taught by a professional Embedded Linux Instructor with years of practical experience.

OpenChain Workshop – The Supply Chain Compliance Solution (Not A Blockchain) – Tues., Oct. 23

The OpenChain Project defines the key requirements for a quality open source compliance program through a single, simple specification. This workshop will feature the latest developments around supply chain compliance and provide an excellent opportunity for attendees to both learn from and contribute to the project work teams.

Hyperledger Scotland Meetup – Tues., Oct. 23

Hyperledger is an open source collaborative effort created to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies. It is a global collaboration hosted by The Linux Foundation and including leaders in finance, banking, IoT, supply chains, manufacturing and technology. Hyperledger Meetup groups have an informal relationship with Hyperledger, and make up a key part of the Hyperledger ecosystem.

LF Energy Summit – Wed., Oct. 24*

The inaugural LF Energy Summit will focus on creating a shared vision to accelerate and transform the world’s relationship with energy by including the perspectives of power systems engineers and executives with open source developers. Together, we will identify the best paths to building a vibrant ecosystem with specific and practical outcomes for next steps and technical groups where companies and individuals can contribute. Space is limited, register today.

Linux in Safety-Critical Systems Summit – Wed., Oct. 24

This summit will inform interested developers and users about the activities and plans to support the use of Linux in safety-critical systems, presenting developments in the SIL2LinuxMP project and work from others that are valuable to the project.

IoT Apprentice Linux Engineer Track – Wed., Oct. 24*

The I-ALE program introduces Linux engineers to a more deeply embedded platform and programming. This series of 3 seminars will introduce you to a small micro controller on a board with various input and output devices which will allow you to build an Internet-connected device you can hang on your wall.

Linux Security Summit (LSS) Europe – Thurs., Oct. 25 & Fri, Oct. 26*

The Linux Security Summit (LSS) is a technical forum for collaboration between Linux developers, researchers, and end users. Its primary aim is to foster community efforts in analyzing and solving Linux security challenges.

Zephyr Hackathon – “Get Connected”  – Thurs., Oct. 25

Includes a Zephyr orientation session and the chance to learn the tips and tricks of setting up a development environment and working with Zephyr. Note: Currently Full, Waitlist Only.

Tracing Summit  – Thurs., Oct. 25

The goal of the Tracing Summit is to provide space for discussion between people of the various areas that benefit from tracing, namely parallel, distributed and/or real-time systems, as well as kernel development.

Linux Media Summit  – Thurs., Oct. 25

The Linux Media Summit is the premier forum to discuss the Linux multimedia development for cameras, audio and video streaming devices, analog/digital TV support, remote controller and HDMI Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) at the Linux Kernel and its userspace APIs.

Yocto Project Dev Day Europe 2018  – Thurs., Oct. 25*

A one day, hands-on training that puts you in direct contact with Yocto Project technical experts and developers. Its primary goal is to show developers how to create custom-build Linux distributions for embedded devices by using layers and recipes designed to resolve incompatibilities between different configurations.

Real-Time Summit  – Thurs., Oct. 25*

The Real-Time Summit is organized by the Linux Foundation Real-Time Linux (RTL) collaborative project. The event is intended to gather developers and users of the PREEMPT_RT patch, providing room for discussion between developers, tooling experts, and users. 

FOSSology – Hands on Training  – Thurs., Oct. 25*

This hands-on training session will provide this understanding of FOSSology, an open source license compliance software system and toolkit.

This hands-on training session will provide this understanding of FOSSology, an open source license compliance software system and toolkit.

*Co-located events with an additional fee are denoted with an asterisk.

In addition to all these great co-located event offerings, we want to remind you of all the other experiences that the conference provides for attendees.

Sunday, October 21

Better Together Diversity Social

Monday, October 22

Diversity Empowerment Summit

First-time Attendee Breakfast

Sightseeing Bus Tour

Women in Open Source Lunch

Attendee Opening Reception at the National Museum of Scotland

Tuesday, October 23

Open Source Career Breakfast

Diversity Empowerment Summit

Speed Networking & Mentoring

Onsite Attendee Reception & Sponsor + Technical Showcase

5K Fun Run

Partner Reception – Invitation Only

Wednesday, October 24

Morning Meditation

Diversity Empowerment Summit

REGISTER NOW »

 

Linkerd 2.0: Service Ops for You and Me

In a microservices environment the service owner writes the code as well as increasingly is also responsible for keeping the service(s) they wrote up and running. We call that, very fittingly, service ops. To me, the service ops idea is really a kind of a subset of the appops moniker I’m subscribing to and advocating for. Now, how does that look like from a practical perspective?

With the cloud native appops maturity model in mind you start off with ensuring that you have all your code and configuration in a repo (Git, usually, nowadays). Then you want to have all your container images in a secure, private container registry such as Quay, for example. You make sure you have a proper CI/CD pipeline in place, producing said container images in a reproducible manner. Next, you’ll likely be using Kubernetes, the de-facto industry standard for orchestrating containers. …

Linkerd 2.0 helps you at this stage of the evolution. It is built with the Unix philosophy in mind, that is, it focuses on core service mesh responsibilities: system-wide telemetry, security, and reliability; here’s what’s in the box:

Read more at HackerNoon

Why Linux Users Should Try Rust

Rust is a fairly young and modern programming language with a lot of features that make it incredibly flexible and very secure. It’s also becoming quite popular, having won first place for the “most loved programming language” in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey three years in a row — 20162017, and 2018.

Rust is also an open-source language with a suite of special features that allow it to be adapted to many different programming projects. It grew out of what was a personal project of a Mozilla employee back in 2006, was picked up as a special project by Mozilla a few years later (2009), and then announced for public use in 2010.

Read more at Network World

Kubernetes 1.12 Improves Cloud-Native Security With TLS Bootstrap

The third major release of the open-source Kubernetes container orchestration system in 2018 is now out, providing users with a stable release of a key security feature that has been in development for two years, while previewing a new sandboxing isolation capability.

On Sept. 27, the Cloud Native Computing Foundation announced the general availability of Kubernetes 1.12. Among the highlights of the update is the stable release of TLS Bootstrapping, a security capability that developers have been working on for the past two years, since the release of Kubernetes 1.4 in 2016. For context, Kubernetes has only existed for four years.

“Security is a very nuanced complicated space,” Tim Pepper, senior staff engineer at VMware and release lead for Kubernetes 1.12, told eWEEK. “Things like the TLS Bootstrap where you’re having to set up certificates and certificate authorities, signing requests and all of that, that’s really tricky to get, right. So, it makes sense that it took some time.”

Read more at eWeek